3rd week of september

Stenberg, P. (1998). Implications of shoot structure on the rate of photosynthesis at different levels in a coniferous canopy using a model incorporating grouping and penumbra. Functional Ecology, 12(1), 82-91.

In the case of conifer, needles are too small to make umbra. Photosynthesis would mainly occur in penumbra, which is outside of direct sunlight. Conifer increases their LAI by grouping their leaves. It can result the decrease in total light capturing. However, the amount of photosynthesis increasing in lower leaves, leaves can more efficiently capture the light.

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4th week of june

Asner, G. P., Martin, R. E., Anderson, C. B., & Knapp, D. E. (2015). Quantifying forest canopy traits: Imaging spectroscopy versus field survey. Remote Sensing of Environment , 158 , 15-27. They use canopy sunlit reflectance at plot level and the trait samples from sunlit. The plot averaged refletance minimize canopy architectural effect. However actual field samples cover only 5% of a plot, the plot reflectance well explains canopy traits.

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AGU 2019

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2nd Week of August

Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, et al. Reflectance quantities in optical remote sensing—Definitions and case studies. Remote sensing of environment 103.1 (2006) 27-42. If a surface was not an ideal specular or diffuse surface, one could observe diffuse light as well as specular light reflected off the surface. Reflectance is affected by where the incident light comes from and where the light is observed, which is represented by an angular distribution function. So different reflectance concepts are possible, so it is needed to use the term reflectance practically.

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